속기

1. 速 記

1.1. 수필속기

• 한 기본 모양 또는 한 획에 소리 하나를 쓴다. (빨리 기록)
• 자주 나오는 표현은 하나의 간단한 표시로 약조한다. (간단히 기록)
• 기본 모양은 선, 원 등으로 간단히 기록할 수 있다. (간단히 기록)
• 인체공학적으로 설계된다. (실용적)

1.1.1. 체계

• 피트만 속기법: 1837년에 아이작 피트먼(Issac Pitman)이 무성음은 옅게, 유성음은 진하게 기록하는 방식으로 아부기다 형식의 속기법을 창안했다.
• 그레그 속기법
• 뒤퓔레식 속기법: 에밀 뒤퓔레(Émile Duployé)도 1868년에 마찬가지로 자질 문자 체계의 속기를 만들었다. 다만 효율성은 그레그식이 더 우세적이다. 현재 유일하게 유니코드에 등록된 속기법이며 Noto Sans Duployan의 2023년 1월에 나온 3.001버전 이후로 문자간의 결합까지 완벽하게 지원한다.
• 흐로테 속기법: A.W. Groote라는 네덜란드 장관이 말 위에서 대화 내용을 받아적기 위해 개발했다고 한다.

1.1.2. 한국어 수필속기 역사

• 1획에 1자를 담고 있다.
• 한 모양 당 한 소리를 담고 있는 우리 속기는 지금까지 없다.
• 받침이 있는 글자의 경우, 다음 글자 이전에 온다.
• 맨 앞 글자의 경우는 따로 글자가 있다.

2. 컴퓨터속기

[ 펼치기 · 접기 ]

PICTORIAL HISTORY OF MACHINES

1879 Bartholomew Stenograph (Miles M. Bartholomew): First practical English-language shorthand machine. Chorded keyboard that used dot/dash codes to form one letter at a time. Four keys were operated by mirror fingers of each hand. Thumbs controlled a dot to create variants. Top writing speed 150 wpm.

1886 Anderson Shorthand Typewriter (George Kerr Anderson): First word-at-a-stroke shorthand machine. Chorded keyboard that printed letters, not codes, and designed to write a sound in each stroke. Greatly influenced Ireland's 1911 machine. Used to report President McKinley's Inaugural address.

1911 Ireland Stenotype Shorthand Machine (Ward Stone Ireland): Forever defined the keyboard.
This keyboard remains the English-language industry standard. Applied Anderson's method to a two-row, tripartite key arrangement of initial consonants, final consonants, and middle vowels, allowing greatest output with fewest strokes.

1917 Master Model Three (The Stenotype Company): This smaller, lighter improvement on Ireland's mechanism added a numeral-shift bar, a continuous-fold paper supply housed within the body cavity, and a pullout paper-capture tray. Commonly used until about 1927.

1927 Master Model Four (Stenotype Company, Division of LaSalle): The shorthand "workhorse of the 1930s." Although its mechanics at times faltered, its use in the world-famous Hauptman (Lindberg-bady kidnapping) trial catapulted machine shorthand into mainstream reporting.

1939 Stenograph (Stenographic Machines, Inc.): Stenograph's inaugural machine. Manufactured for Stenogrph by Hedman until 1943. Light-weight magnesium shell, dependable clutch mechanism, plus silent operation, endless-loop self-inking ribbon, and extreme reliability, made this the preferred reporting machine through the 1950s.

1939 The Reporter (Thomas Bilyeu): Inventor Bilyeu, a patent attorney, believed that more keys meant fewer combinations to be learned. Consonants occupied three rows, and all five vowel keys were used. 100 machines were manufactured by 1934.

1940 Master Model Five – Metal Shell (Stenotype Company, Division of LaSalle): The metal housing of this machine cured problem with the earlier Textolite design, but this heavy, unreliable device did not fare well. Used until about 1945.

1943 Brevitype (Wendell V. Kirkpatrick): This attractive, diminutive device, weighing less than 3 pounds, claimed to combine "the best features of the three fastest writing methods – typing, machine shorthand, and written shorthand." Printed standard English letters.

1963 Datawriter (Stenographic Machines, Inc.): Organ-type contact switches captured digital notes on a magnetic tape.

1977 BaronData StenoConverter (BaronData Systems): BaronData entered the computer transcription arena with this very successful, weighty, device. An elongated case mounted next to the writing machine contained electronics which digitally processed steno and wrote it to a removable cassette.

1988 Digitext-ST Steno Translator (Jerry Lefler): This unique paperless realtime shorthand machine translated steno using a logic chip with a steno-to-English dictionary to process only exceptions to his basic writing rules. Never gained wide acceptance because users felt overly restricted, but set the stage for the translating shorthand machines of the 1990s.

1994 Paperless Keyboard Input Machines - Illustrated by Tréal (Word Technologies): Far from being merely keyboards, sophisticated paperless writers such as the Tréal are defining shorthand machines of the future. By 2010 machines with paper have become increasingly uncommon. The 1994 Gemini launched this genre of machines, paperless and without display screen, which rely on an external computer for readback and to process steno into text. Others: élan Cybra and Lightspeed.

1863 Michela Shorthand Machine – ITALY: World's first successful chorded shorthand machine
Its keyboard reminiscent of a small piano, the Michela has been used continuously in the Italian Senate since 1880. Today's device is a sophisticated realtime shorthand machine. Reporters may optionally write to paper tape and directly to computer.

1939 Palantype – ENGLAND: Named for French teacher Mademoiselle Palanque, who introduced machine shorthand to Britain, the Palantype was patented by an English woman named Fairbanks. Based on design of the Grandjean, production began after World War II. The Panen 2000 facilitates computer transcription and captioning.

The Stenotyper – ENGLAND: Earliest English-language device outside of America. Made in Germany, this 3-pound machine was intended to sit on the operator's knees. Its six keys produced chorded codes of dots and dashes, producing 63 alphabet combinations. Claimed equal facility for use in English, French, German, Latin, and Hebrew, with a top speed of 170 wpm. Schools were promoted, but actual use and lifespan are unknown.

1910 Grandjean – FRANCE: Mme. Marc Grandjean invented this ruggedly-built French-language device. In continuous use since 1910, mass production was not begun until 1923. Today's Grandjean is computerized.

1994 Yawei Stenotype – CHINA: On May 19, 1994, Tang Yawei produced China's first shorthand machine. Linguistic complexities of Chinese impeded earlier efforts to develop "mechanical shorthand." The paperless and wireless Yawei writer is used by thousands of reporters throughout China.

2009 Diamante (Stenograph, LLC): One of today’s most sophisticated shorthand machines, its graceful look continues the award-winning design of its sister machine, the CybraPro. This paperless writer captures steno in three redundant ways (four during realtime), and features simultaneous audio synchronized with steno. Comprehensive keystroke detection/improvement is also engineered into the Diamante.

2.1. 자격증

2.2. 속기와 음성인식

3. 速 棋/ 速 碁

3.1. 바둑

3.2. 체스